The People’s Republic of China
中华人民共和国On October 1, 1949 a grand ceremony was witnessed by 300 000 people in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square, and Mao Zedong, chairman of the Central People’s Government, solemnly proclaimed the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
1949年10月1日，30万人在北京天安门广场见证了盛大的开国典礼，中央人民政府主席毛泽东庄严宣布中华人民共和国正式成立。During the initial post-Liberation period, the Chinese government successfully carried out land reform in areas accounting for over 90 percent of the total national agricultural population, and 300 million farmers were granted approximately 47 million hectare of land.
解放初期，中国政府成功地在全国九成以上农业人口的地区推行了土地改革， 3亿农民获得了大约4700万公顷的土地。
Amazing achievements were made during the First Five-Year Plan period, from 1953 to 1957.
1953到1957年，在第一个五年计划期间，中国取得了令人瞩目的成就。The average annual increase rate of the national income reached over 8.9 percent.
年均国民收入增长率达到8.9%。China established basic industries necessary for full industrialization hitherto non-existent domestically, producing airplanes, automobiles, heavy machinery, precision machinery, power-generating equipment, metallurgical and mining equipment, high-grade alloy steels and non-ferrous metals.
为了实现工业化的目标，中国建立了很多基础工业基地，用以生产飞机、汽车、重型机械、精密机械、发电设备、冶金和采矿设备、高级合金钢和有色金属。The ten years from 1957 to 1966 was the period in which China started large-scale socialist construction.
从1957到1966年10年间，中国开始大规模的社会主义建设。Though China suffered from the mistakes in its policies during the period, it also accomplished a great deal.
尽管政策上出现了错误，然而依然成果显著。The nation’s total industrial fixed assets quadrupled between 1956 and 1966 and the national income increased by 58 percent in constant prices.
国家的工业固定资产在1956年到1966年之间翻了两番，国民收入在物价不变的基础上增加了58%。The output of essential industrial products increased by several or even a dozen times.
主要工业产品的产量增加了几倍甚至10倍之多。Large-scale agricultural capital construction and technical transformation got underway.
大规模的农业基础建设和技术改造也在不断进行。Unfortunately, the “cultural revolution”，which lasted for ten years (1966—1976), made the state and its people suffer the most serious setbacks and losses since its founding.
不幸的是，1966到1976年持续了10年之久的“文化大革命”使国家和人民遭受了自成立以来最严重的挫折和损失。The Jiang Qing counter-revolutionary clique was smashed in October 1976，marking the end of the “cultural revolution”，and the beginning of a new era in Chinese history.
1976年10月，江青反革命集团被粉碎，标志着“文化大革命”的终结和中国历史一个新时代的开始。The CPC reinstated Deng Xiaoping, previously general secretary of the CPC, to all the Party and governmental posts he had been dismissed from during the “cultural revolution”.
1979年，中国共产党恢复了在“文化大革命”中被打倒的前中共中央总书记邓小平一切党政职务。In 1979, China instituted a guiding policy of “reform and opening to the outside world” under Deng’s leadership, and the focus was shifted to modernization.
在其领导下，国家制定了“改革开放”的基本国策，重心转向现代化建设。Major efforts were made to reform the economic and political systems.
他还着力推动经济和政治制度改革。China was step by step establishing a road with Chinese characteristics, a road that would lead to socialist modernization.
中国逐步走上了通往现代化的中国特色社会主义道路。Profound changes have come about in China since the country embarked on the policy of reform and opening-up characterized by a vigorously advancing economy and markedly improved living standard.
自“改革开放”以来，中国发生了深远的变化，国民经济和人民生活水平显著提高。Jiang Zemin became general secretary of the CPC Central Committee in 1989 and head of the state in 1993.
1989年，江泽民成为中央委员会总书记，于1993担任国家主席。Succeeding him, Hu Jintao took the position of general secretary of the CPC Central Committee in 2002 and president of the state in 2003.
胡锦涛于2002年继任中央委员会总书记，2003年担任国家主席。