FRIDAY, April 8 (HealthDay News) -- Many patients diagnosed with lung cancer -- as well as their family caregivers -- continue to smoke even though doing so may jeopardize their recovery and long-term health outcome, says a study sponsored by the U.S. National Cancer Institute.
本周五，4月8日（每日健康新闻）——许多被诊断为肺癌的患者和他们的看护人继续吸烟，尽管这样会危及到他们的康复和长期健康状况，这是美国国家癌症研究所发起的一项研究称。
Researchers report that nearly one in five recently diagnosed lung cancer patients continues to light up, which can make them feel guilty or socially stigmatized.
研究人员称最近诊断患有肺癌的患者中接近1/5继续吸烟，这使他们感觉内疚或受到社会指责。
The findings point to the need for family support, counseling and medication to help patients and/or family caregivers overcome their addiction and adopt healthy lifestyle choices, said Weaver.
该结果指出需要家庭支持、劝告和药物治疗帮助病人和/或家庭照顾者解除烟瘾，选择健康的生活方式，Weaver说。
The study was recently published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
该研究最近发表在杂志《癌症流行病学，生物标记与预防》上。
The researchers looked at 742 cancer patients and caregivers at multiple sites and found that 18 percent of smokers with lung cancer failed to quit after their diagnosis. Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
研究人员关注多个地方742个癌症患者和照顾者，发现18%的吸烟者被诊断为肺癌后无法戒烟。吸烟是肺癌的一个主导因素。
Among a subset of smokers with colorectal cancer, which is not strongly associated with tobacco use, 12 percent of the patients continued smoking.
一部分患有结肠直肠癌的吸烟者中，由于这跟吸烟没有多大关系，所以12%的病人继续吸烟。来源:恒星英语学习网
An even higher proportion of the patients' family caregivers also kept on smoking -- 25 percent of those caring for lung cancer patients and 20 percent of those caring for colorectal cancer patients, the researchers found.
研究发现，患者的家庭看护人也吸烟的比例更大——25%的肺癌患者看护人和20%的结肠直肠癌患者看护人。
Most of the caregivers were middle-aged females and were often spouses of the patients. In some cases, both the patient and the caregiver continued smoking.
大部分照顾者都是中年妇女，通常是患者的配偶。有时候，患者和照顾者都吸烟。
If family caregivers see the cancer patient quit, they're more likely to quit themselves, Weaver said. But if either the patient or caregiver continues to smoke, it can trigger issues of guilt, stigma or blame, she added.
如果家属照顾者看到癌症患者不再吸烟，他们就更有可能戒烟，Weaver说。但是如果患者或照顾者一方继续吸烟，就会引发内疚、歧视或指责，她还说。
Continued smoking increases the likelihood of developing a secondary cancer and can interfere with treatment, the researchers say.
继续吸烟会增加发生二次肿瘤的风险，而且妨碍治疗，研究人员称。
(恒星英语学习网原创编译,转载请注明出处!)Another clinical reason to stop smoking, said Dr. Norman H. Edelman, chief medical officer of the American Lung Association, is that chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) usually accompanies lung cancer, making it more difficult to breathe. Continued smoking exacerbates COPD, he said.
美国肺脏协会首席医疗官Norman H. Edelman教授说，另一个戒烟的临床理由是慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）通常伴随着肺癌，使呼吸更加困难。继续吸烟会使COPD恶化，他说。
Also, research has suggested that nicotine may be a co-promoter in generating lung cancer, so continual exposure to nicotine might work against chemotherapy treatments, Edelman said.
研究同样表明尼古丁也是患上肺癌的共同推动者，所以继续吸烟对化疗不利，Edelaman说。
Given that more than 80 percent of some 200,000 lung cancer cases diagnosed annually in the United States are smoking-related, he said the complex dynamics of why so many smokers don't quit needs to be better understood.
由于美国每年诊断的20万肺癌案例中超过80%跟吸烟有关，他说这么多吸烟者不戒烟的复杂动力需要得到更好的理解。
Even patients highly motivated to stop for good often need substantial support, he added.
即使患者非常积极想永远戒烟，往往需要大量的支持，他说
Weaver said the stressful period following diagnosis of lung cancer can create a "teachable moment" for physicians, nurses and other health care professionals to discuss smoking cessation with the patient and family members, and offer encouragement and resources to quit.
Weaver说被诊断为肺癌的压力调整期可以建立一个“可教时刻”，让内科医生、护士和其他保健专家跟病人和家庭成员讨论戒烟并给予鼓励和提供资源。
(恒星英语学习网原创编译,转载请注明出处!)Janine Cataldo, an assistant professor and researcher in physiological nursing and gerontology at the University of California San Francisco, is developing tools that measure the quality of life and impact of social stigma on lung cancer patients who continue smoking.
旧金山加利福利亚大学生理护理学和老年医学副教授和研究人员Janine Cataldo发明测量生活质量和肺癌患者继续吸烟受社会歧视影响的工具。
Continued smoking has serious repercussions for lung cancer patients, she said. Patients may develop appetite loss, fatigue, cough or coughing up of blood, pain and poor sleep, said Cataldo. Self-esteem suffers too, and anxiety and depression may also develop, she said.
继续吸烟对肺癌患者有严重的影响，她说。患者会造成食欲丧失、疲劳、咳嗽或咳出血、疼痛和睡眠质量差，Cataldo说。她还说，自尊心也会受挫，变得焦虑和抑郁。
Cataldo is developing a six-month intervention that focuses on three key components: nicotine replacement therapy to ease withdrawal symptoms; a computerized calling system for monthly phone counseling and weekly follow-up; and creation of a smoke-free home environment.
Cataldo开发一个为期六个月的干预治疗，集中在3个主要部分：尼古丁替代疗法减轻脱隐症状；电脑化呼叫系统每月电话咨询并每周跟进；创造出一个无烟的家庭环境。
(恒星英语学习网原创编译,转载请注明出处!)